Everything about Michael Ristow totally explained
Michael Ristow (b
April 24,
1967) is a
German medical researcher who has published influential articles on the
metabolic basis of human diseases, including type 2 diabetes, obesity and cancer, as well as general
aging processes. Amongst more than 50 peer-reviewed scientific publications, Ristow published a seminal article describing a genetic mutation associated with extreme human obesity.
Ristow was born in
Lübeck in the
North of
Germany. He graduated at the
University of Bochum in 1992 and received his M.D. from
University of Bochum in
1996. He was appointed to the
University of Jena in 2005 as a full
professor in
nutritional science.
Ristow’s laboratory has provided direct evidence supporting the so-called
Warburg hypothesis. Specifically Ristow has shown that forced metabolic activity and
respiration of
mitochondria efficiently blocks cancer growth as anticipated by
Otto Heinrich Warburg as early as in 1924.
In 2007, Ristow’s group published evidence which could explain the basis of the observed extension of lifespan by restriction of sugar intake. In experiments on a model organism, the worm
Caenorhabditis elegans, they found that lowering the availability of
glucose extended the lifespan of the worms. It has been known since the 1930s that restricting calories while maintaining adequate amounts of other nutrients extends lifespan across a broad range of organisms. The mechanism has been proposed as a change in the activity of the
sirtuins. Interestingly, Michael Ristow shows in his article that this effect can also occur independent of sirtuins, since worms deficient for sirtuins still show extended life span in states of sugar restriction.
Most importantly, Ristow's research further suggests that this is a
mithormetic effect.
Hormesis is a controversial concept in which it has been demonstrated that the induction of a stress can lengthen lifespan in some species. Ristow interpred his results thusly: In response to a decrease in
glycolytic energy production, the worms have to generate
ATP by
oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria, leading to increased production of
reactive oxygen species. In response, the organism produces more defenses against
oxidative stress, including increased production of
catalase. Supplementation with
antioxidants abolishes the increase in lifespan, and so does disruption of an
AMP-kinase but not disruption of
sirtuins.
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